Final answer:
Instructions for a patient with acute hepatitis B include using condoms to prevent transmission and avoiding alcohol to protect the liver. Family members should be informed about vaccination options. The patient should follow a balanced diet to support recovery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The discharge teaching plan for a patient with acute hepatitis B should include instructions to use a condom during sexual intercourse. This measure helps to prevent the transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can be spread through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood and semen. Additionally, education on the risk factors and preventive measures, such as proper hand washing and the use of personal protective equipment, is crucial for both patient and their family members. The nurse should also inform the patient that consuming alcohol may impair liver function and should be avoided, and discuss the importance of a balanced diet.
Family members of the infected individual could be advised to receive the HBV vaccine, which provides long-term protection, or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) for immediate but short-term protection if they are exposed. It is important for health-care workers and family members to follow standard precautions and, if necessary, the recommended post-exposure prophylaxis protocol. Lastly, while the diet for a hepatitis B patient does not need to be low in protein, it should be balanced and nutritious to support liver health and recovery.