Answer: ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Explanation: ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of cells because it stores and transports chemical energy within living organisms. It is made up of three phosphate groups, a ribose sugar, and an adenine base. The bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP contain a significant amount of potential energy.
When ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), energy is released. This energy can then be utilized by cells to perform various functions, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of molecules.
The process of converting ADP back into ATP, replenishing the energy supply, occurs through cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, energy from food molecules, such as glucose, is extracted and used to regenerate ATP. This cycle of ATP breakdown and regeneration is essential for the continuous supply of energy needed for cellular activities in living organisms.
In summary, ATP serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, allowing for the storage and utilization of energy in biochemical processes.