Final answer:
A Functional organizational structure is one where each employee has one clear superior, with a well-defined hierarchy and specialization. This is in contrast to flatter organizations that promote teamwork and have less defined chains of command.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of organizational structure where each employee has one clear superior and is managed by a person with expertise in that area is a Functional organization. In such organizations, hierarchy of authority is well-defined, and employees report to a manager who specializes in the same area as they do. This structure is designed to organize the workforce through separation of tasks and specialization, creating clear lines of authority and a structured chain of command.
Over the years, some companies have moved towards flatter organizational structures to promote teamwork and collaboration, which can include direct solicitations of feedback across various levels. However, in a functional organizational structure, the environment is more conventionally hierarchical and bureaucratic, which is characterized by a clear unity of command and division of labor among employees.