Final answer:
The most significant contributors to dehydration risk in the elderly are a less active thirst mechanism and atrophied kidneys, which lead to a reduced fluid intake and inefficient water conservation. Other physical and neurological challenges also play a role in increasing dehydration risks among the elderly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Contributing Factors to Dehydration in the Elderly
Among the options provided, the most relevant factors contributing to the danger of dehydration in the elderly are the less active thirst mechanism and atrophy of the kidneys. As people age, their body's homeostatic mechanisms, including the thirst response, become less efficient. This reduced sensitivity can lead to inadequate fluid intake. Furthermore, kidney function declines with age, meaning the kidneys may not be able to conserve water as effectively, exacerbating the risk of dehydration. Thus, maintaining proper hydration is crucial for elderly individuals to prevent further health complications.
In addition, the physical and neurological challenges faced by the elderly, such as difficulty in navigating and conditions like Alzheimer's disease, can contribute to inadequate fluid consumption and eventual dehydration. These challenges can deter them from drinking enough water and properly emptying their bladder, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections and further complicating their hydration status.
Victims of starvation, experiencing muscle atrophy and a general weakness, may also be too weak to sense thirst, leading to severe dehydration. This weakened state makes such individuals more susceptible to diseases, worsening their overall health. It is therefore essential to monitor the fluid intake of elderly individuals closely and assist them as needed to prevent dehydration.