Final answer:
Aging involves a gradual loss of functional cells, decreased metabolic rate, and a variety of tissue changes leading to physical signs such as wrinkles and loss of muscle tone. Cells face reduced efficiency in nutrient transport and waste removal, contributing to diseases associated with aging. Proactive lifestyle choices can influence the extent of secondary aging effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Basic biological changes that occur with aging include a gradual loss of functional cells and decreased metabolic rate. This process, known as senescence, impacts all cells, tissues, and organs, and is associated with a host of changes at the cellular level. These include the shortening of telomeres, impairments in the cell's ability to transport oxygen and nutrients, and the removal of waste products. Additionally, many tissues, including muscle tissues, undergo atrophy, resulting in lost mass and strength. Furthermore, the body's metabolic rate decreases significantly with age, contributing to reduced physical activity and continued muscle mass decline (secondary aging).
These changes lead to various signs of aging such as wrinkles and high blood pressure, graying hair, reduced elasticity in tissues, decreased muscle tone, and a potential decline in cognitive functions. While these are common traits of aging, lifestyle choices can have an impact on the rate and extent of these changes (secondary aging). Therefore, staying active and having a proper diet can help mitigate some of the effects of aging.