Final answer:
The terms and their definitions are: 1) environment - everything that affects an organism during its lifetime, 2) ecology - the study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their non-living surroundings, 3) ecological niche - the functional role an organism has in its surroundings, 4) habitat - the place where an organism lives.
Step-by-step explanation:
1) Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime: The term that matches this definition is environment, which refers to all the physical and biological factors that influence an organism's life.
2) Study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their non-living surroundings: The term that matches this definition is ecology. It is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
3) The functional role an organism has in its surroundings: The term that matches this definition is ecological niche. It describes the specific role and position that an organism has in its ecosystem.
4) The place where an organism lives: The term that matches this definition is habitat. It refers to the specific physical location where an organism lives and can find the resources it needs.