Final answer:
Group polarization, coordination problems, and the tragedy of the commons are all situations in which decision-makers can be hindered by too many people giving opinions on the decision.
Step-by-step explanation:
Group Polarization: Group polarization occurs when a group discussion strengthens the initial attitude of the group. This phenomenon can hinder decision-making by creating a stronger endorsement of a viewpoint, regardless of its validity. An example of group polarization can be seen in political conventions, where individuals support party platforms that they may not individually endorse.
Coordination Problems: When a large group seeks to make a decision on a common course of action, coordination problems can arise. It becomes challenging to satisfy the preferences of every group member while reaching a decision. As the size of the group increases, coordination challenges become more complex. For example, deciding on a movie to watch may be relatively easy with a group of two, but it becomes increasingly difficult as the group size grows.
Tragedy of the Commons: The tragedy of the commons is a situation where public use without accountability leads to a negative outcome. An example of this can be seen in overfishing, where individual fishermen exploit a common fishing resource without considering the long-term sustainability, resulting in decreased fish populations.