Final answer:
A peer group is considered an individual's social equal, and these groups play a crucial role in social and political socialization, especially among children and adolescents.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, a student's social equal would be their peer group. A peer group consists of individuals who are usually of a similar age and social status and are often found in school settings among school-aged children. These groups serve as agents of socialization, influencing behaviors, values, and norms among their members.
Regarding the role of peers in socialization, it is also noteworthy to mention that the most important influence on political socialization is the family, but peer groups also play a significant role, especially as young people increasingly interact and form networks online. This online interaction might either reinforce existing beliefs or introduce individuals to new perspectives, although, in reality, social networks often create echo chambers which reinforce existing views.