Final answer:
Organizations may be subject to formal negative sanctions, including civil and criminal penalties, depending on the nature of the infraction. Both civil and criminal laws can be applied, with civil penalties being more common for information management issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organizations that fail to maintain accurate, relevant, timely, and complete information may be subject to different types of sanctions. These include formal negative sanctions, which cover actions taken by institutions as a consequence of non-compliance with regulations. Civil penalties can be imposed when an organization breaks civil law, for example by violating privacy laws or regulations that govern business practices. Criminal penalties may be imposed if the violation includes criminal conduct, such as fraud or theft.
Both state and federal courts hear matters that involve civil law and criminal law, meaning that organizations can indeed face both civil and criminal penalties depending on the nature of the infraction. In the context of maintaining organizational information, civil penalties tend to be more common, but this depends on the severity of the misconduct and the specific laws that have been violated. Furthermore, it is important for civil institutions to function effectively to avoid harming the society they operate in, which includes ensuring the accuracy and reliability of their information.