Final answer:
Eugène Delacroix is the artist who created the iconic painting Liberty Leading the People, representing the French fight for liberty during the July Revolution of 1830.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artist who created the painting being described—a woman with a torn dress holding aloft the French flag, with armed men rising up behind her—is Eugène Delacroix. This famous painting, Liberty Leading the People, was created in 1830 to commemorate the July Revolution that led to the toppling of King Charles X in France. Liberty Leading the People is a quintessential work of French Romantic painting and encapsulates Delacroix's emotional response to the event and his love of his country.
The allegorical figure of Lady Liberty holds the tricolor flag high, symbolizing liberty, equality, and fraternity as the French rallied against King Charles X, leading to the installation of Louis-Phillipe, the 'citizen-king'. Delacroix, a central figure in the French Romantic Art School, captured the public sentiment in this dramatic and patriotic painting, which remains an iconic symbol of the fight for freedom.