Final answer:
Parliament's ability to make law is affected by factors such as its political system (presidential or parliamentary), majority rule within the chamber, executive dominance, legislative deference, and political polarization. The legislature's internal processes and the level of unity in the government also play significant roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors Influencing Parliament's Ability to Make Law
The ability of Parliament to make law is influenced by a variety of factors that can range from the internal structures of political systems to broader societal forces. Key elements include the legislative process, the role of the parliamentarian, the nature of the political system (whether it’s a presidential or parliamentary system), the consistency within the government, and the majority rule. The parliamentarian serves as an advisor with no enforcing power, meaning that while their advice is usually taken, ultimately, it is the majority leadership's decision on which committee will review proposed legislation.
In a parliamentary regime, cabinets craft legislation collectively with the details being negotiated, and the prime minister's influence plays a crucial role. The unified nature of the ruling party generally ensures the passage of legislation. Contrastingly, in presidential systems, there may be more separation between the legislature and the executive, affecting how laws are processed and approved.
External factors also affect the legislative power of Parliament. These include executive dominance, legislative deference, and polarization in the political landscape. Each of these affects parliamentary operations and can impact the ease with which legislation may be proposed, amended, and passed. Additionally, for some decisions, such as calling early elections or impeaching officials, supermajorities are required, which can create further complexities in the legislative process.