Raymond Ibrahim says that Europe avoided Islamic influence by winning battles against Muslim armies in the 700s, improving military technology like cannons, and shifting the main base of Orthodox Christianity to Russia.
Raymond Ibrahim
Raymond Ibrahim suggests that Europe avoided Islamic expansion due to several historical factors. Firstly, he highlights how defeating Muslim armies in the 700s played a big role in preventing Islam from gaining ground in Europe. Secondly, advancements in military technology, like the cannon, also helped deter Islamic military expeditions. Additionally, moving the main center of Orthodox Christianity to Russia played a role. Even though other important Christian centers fell to Islam, this move strengthened resistance in the region against Islamic influence, allowing Europe to keep its mostly Christian identity intact.