Final answer:
The origins of Islam are rooted in the pre-Islamic Arabian peninsula, with commercial and tribal Arab society providing the backdrop. Islam was founded by Muhammad in the 7th century and spread rapidly following his death, with the Koran as its central text. The faith's central features include its Arabian origins and its monotheistic beliefs, which it shares with Judaism and Christianity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Origins and Central Features of Islam
The origins of Islam can be traced back to the pre-Islamic Arabian peninsula, which is largely where the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located today. During the pre-Islamic era, the Arabs were primarily herders and merchants, organized tribally and known for their camel caravans that connected Europe to the Spice Road leading to India and China. They were also recognized as fierce mercenary warriors in horseback combat. Islam originated with Muhammad, a seventh-century figure whose teachings formed the basis of the religion. After Muhammad's death, Islam expanded rapidly across North Africa, into southern Asia, and up to Europe. Muslims are followers of Islam and their central religious text is the Koran.
Central Features of Islam
Islam shares its monotheistic roots with Judaism and Christianity and has unique features that reflect its Arabian origins. The foundation of Islam and the life of Muhammad are predominantly set in western Arabia, specifically the Hijaz region. The holiest sites in Islam are also located in this region. Rapid expansion and spatial diffusion were key to the spread of Islam beyond the Middle East, significantly affecting the regions and people where it took hold.