Final answer:
Historians learn about ancient Kush through primary sources like eyewitness accounts from rulers and foreign historians, inscriptions, art and monuments, and economic evidence, such as trade artifacts.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important way historians learn about ancient Kush is through eyewitness accounts, inscriptions, and artifacts. Investigating primary sources such as inscriptions by rulers like Aspalta, king of Kush, or accounts by foreign historians like Herodotus, offers invaluable insights into the customs, politics, and trade of the Kingdom of Kush.
Analysis of the art and monuments displays the combined influence of Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, and indigenous African traditions, providing additional layers of understanding. Furthermore, trade items and their decline, such as during the fall of the Roman Empire, offer economic perspectives on Kush's interactions and influences.