Final answer:
Polytheism refers to the belief in multiple deities, making option d, 'Multiple Gods,' the correct answer to the student's question. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are monotheistic religions, in contrast to Hinduism, which is polytheistic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Polytheism is the belief in multiple deities, which is the correct answer to the student's question. Option d, Multiple Gods, represents polytheistic belief systems.
This contrasts with monotheistic religions, which revolve around the worship of a single deity. An example of a monotheistic religion is Christianity, which is not polytheistic despite the concept of the Holy Trinity because it still centers on a single divine essence. On the other hand, Hinduism, with its pantheon of gods such as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, exemplifies a polytheistic religion.
Concerning the Muslim belief, it is accurate to say that option c, Muslims worship the same God as Jewish people and Christians, reflects the monotheistic foundation of Islam, which is not a polytheistic faith. This underscores the shared Abrahamic roots of these religions.