Final answer:
Freedom of speech is a civil liberty because it protects individuals from government interference in their expression, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. It allows for the free exchange of ideas, essential to democracy, but does have restrictions to balance societal safety and order.
Step-by-step explanation:
Freedom of speech is considered a civil liberty because it is a protection against government interference with individual expression. The concept of civil liberties, which include the right to privacy, is crucial for personal autonomy and a cornerstone of democratic societies.
Civil liberties such as freedom of speech are enshrined in the First Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights, ensuring individuals the liberty to express their thoughts and ideas without fear of government censorship. This constitutional protection affords citizens the ability to participate in open and free exchanges of ideas, which is seen as essential for the function and success of a representative democracy.
Civil liberties are distinct from civil rights, but both are fundamental to the fair treatment of individuals by the government. When limits are placed on actions, it is necessary to consider whether the action is a fundamental liberty, who is imposing the restriction, and if the restriction serves a greater community need. Importantly, any government action that restricts civil liberties must be justified by clear and compelling evidence of harm to society.
While freedom of speech is a protected right, it is not absolute. There are key restrictions when speech can result in incitement of criminal acts, constitutes threats, or involves defamation. These limitations balance the individual's right to express themselves with the societal needs for safety and order.