Final answer:
Four historical reasons for anti-Semitism in Europe are intense nationalist wave, racism and prejudice, growth of anti-Semitic politics, and Tsarist autocracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Intense nationalist wave: Insecurities economically and socially led to the intensification of anti-Semitic sentiments among the lower middle class in Europe.
- Racism and prejudice: Political, economic, social, religious, and racial prejudices against Jews contributed to the rise of anti-Semitism, ultimately leading to the Holocaust.
- Growth of anti-Semitic politics: The late 19th century saw the emergence of anti-Semitic political parties in Germany and Austria, fueled by a newfound obsession with race.
- Tsarist autocracy: The Russian Tsarist regime encouraged anti-Semitism, blaming Jews for political, economic, and social problems through pogroms and discriminatory restrictions.