Final answer:
The appropriate domain for the graph modeling a comet passing near Earth and then exiting is A: 0 to 5, representing a finite observation time window.
Step-by-step explanation:
In modeling the passing of a comet near Earth and then its departure back into space, the appropriate domain for the graph is A: 0 to 5. This range represents a discrete window of time during which we observe the comet from its approach to its exit. The domain of all positive real numbers and zero would incorrectly imply that the comet is always visible or continually approaching and retreating from Earth, which is not the case with a transient astronomical event. Domains comprising all real numbers or all negative real numbers and zero would not make sense in the context of the question since we cannot have negative time in an observational scenario like this one.