Final answer:
An axiom is a foundational statement assumed to be true without proof, while a theorem is a statement proven to be true through logical deductions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between an axiom and a theorem lies in their respective roles within mathematics. An axiom is a foundational statement that is taken to be true without proof and serves as a starting point for further logical reasoning. It is an accepted premise of logic around which other statements are built. On the other hand, a theorem is a statement that has been proven to be true through a sequence of logical deductions, using axioms and previously established theorems.