Final Answer:
At time t = 2, the values of p₁ and p₂ remain undisclosed, as the provided question lacks specific information regarding the nature of the problems, the methodologies used by the colonies, or any data relating to the calculations or solutions. Without these specifics, it's not feasible to determine the exact values of p₁ and p₂ at time t = 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unfortunately, the question doesn't provide the necessary details, such as the nature of problems or the techniques employed by the colonies to find p₁ and p₂. Without this crucial information, it's impossible to calculate the exact values of p₁ and p₂ at time t = 2. Mathematical equations or problem-solving strategies would typically be needed to derive the values of p₁ and p₂, but these crucial components are absent from the question.
If there were given equations or formulas representing the problems and the approach used by the colonies to solve them, then it would be plausible to show step-by-step calculations or methodologies to derive the values of p₁ and p₂ at time t = 2 . This could involve substitution, manipulation of equations, or employing specific mathematical methods to arrive at the solutions.
However, without any specific information on the problems or the methodologies utilized by the colonies, it remains an open-ended question without a definitive answer. To accurately determine p₁ and p₂ at time t = 2 , the problem statement should include the necessary equations, context, or data relevant to solving for these variables.