Final answer:
Research on preference assessments often uses surveys, but the results can be influenced by factors such as the honesty of responses and social desirability bias. Studies have indicated both explicit and implicit preferences and biases in various contexts. The interpretation of these studies should take into account the criteria used and the potential biases of self-reporting.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research into preference assessments is crucial for understanding a wide array of disciplines, from psychology to business. Such research often utilizes surveys for data collection because they can gather large volumes of information rapidly. However, challenges like the integrity of self-reported data, social desirability bias, and difficulty in capturing depth compared to case studies must be considered. Studies like Atkins & Wood (2002) have explored how self-ratings and other-ratings can vary in predictive value of performance. Moreover, historical research, such as that by Ruth W. Howard, underscores the importance of comprehensive survey designs. Contemporary discussions, especially in ethics and affirmative action, weigh the value of preference as a means of redress for historical discrimination, calling upon the works of philosophers like James Rachels, Judith Jarvis Thomson, and Mary Anne Warren.
Additionally, there is a tendency for survey respondents to present themselves in a more favorable light or to respond according to socially desirable norms, a phenomenon noted by Rensis Likert. Surveys can indicate disparities, such as the study by Jenkins et al. (2012), which found implicit bias against Arab-Americans. However, analyses may vary depending on the criteria used, as seen in Brooke et al. (2008) and Akçakaya et al. (2000), emphasizing the importance of criteria selection in research design. These factors should be considered when conducting and interpreting preference assessments.