Final answer:
Imperialism in Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries was driven by European nations' pursuit of natural resources and resulted in the extensive colonization of the continent, shaping the geopolitical landscape through the establishment of new borders and the subjugation of native societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Imperialism in Africa
During the Age of Exploration, Africa's coastal regions emerged as vital trading posts for European merchants en route to India and China. However, the true extent of European control in Africa was realized during the Scramble for Africa, initiated by King Leopold II of Belgium's exploitation of the Congo's resources and people. African continent faced brutalities and subjugation under European powers, who were attracted by the continent's wealth of natural resources, such as diamonds and gold, leading to widespread colonization and the establishment of new political boundaries reflective of European colonial interests.
The imperialist expansion by European nations in Africa, as well as other parts of the world like the Middle East and Asia, was driven by the pursuit of these resources and the need to fulfill the demands of Europe's upper class. The native societies, such as the Zulu Nation, faced conquest by European powers wielding advanced weaponry and medical technologies, leading to the colonial domination over these regions.
Ultimately, imperialism shaped the modern geopolitical landscape by establishing borders and influencing international relations based on the interests of the few powerful European nations that dominated global affairs in the 19th and early 20th centuries.