Final answer:
Producing genetically unique cells is a function of meiosis, not mitosis. Meiosis introduces genetic variation through crossing-over and independent assortment, leading to four haploid cells different from the parent cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
Producing genetically unique cells is a function of meiosis rather than a function of mitosis. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that the number of chromosomes is halved and genetic variation is introduced in meiosis, but not in mitosis. During meiosis, there are two rounds of nuclear division resulting in four haploid cells that are genetically unique.
The process begins during prophase I with crossing-over, which is unique to meiosis and allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity. Moreover, the random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I leads to independent assortment, further contributing to genetic variation.
The end goal of meiosis is to produce gametes that have half the DNA of the parent cell, whereas the goal of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Due to these processes, meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures genetic diversity in offspring.