Final answer:
Deoxyribonucleotides store genetic information in DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA. mRNA then carries this information to ribosomes where it is translated into proteins, following the Central Dogma of biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary function of deoxyribonucleotides in the context of DNA is to store genetic information. This information is used to synthesize proteins, which is a process that involves two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is read and transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic code from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Then, in translation, this mRNA sequence is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The Central Dogma of molecular biology encapsulates this process, stating that 'DNA encodes RNA; RNA encodes Protein'. Each group of three nucleotides (codon) on the mRNA corresponds to one amino acid, creating a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.
The different types of RNA molecules—messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)—each have specific roles in protein synthesis. mRNA carries the encoded protein sequence information, tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, and rRNA helps to form the structure of the ribosome where translation occurs.