Final answer:
Description 1 matches a Frameshift Mutation, which involves insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame. Description 2 matches a Nonsense Mutation, which changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon. Therefore, the correct answers are a) A only for Frameshift Mutation and b) B only for Nonsense Mutation, making c) Both A and B the correct options.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct options associated with the descriptions provided are:
- Description 1: Involves Insertion or Deletion that alters the reading frame is associated with a Frameshift Mutation.
- Description 2: Changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon is associated with a Nonsense Mutation.
Frameshift mutations occur due to insertions or deletions of nucleotides that are not divisible by three, which changes the reading frame of the genetic sequence. This can dramatically change the resulting protein, often leading to a non-functional protein.
On the other hand, a nonsense mutation occurs when a single nucleotide change creates a premature stop codon in the protein-coding sequence, leading to the truncation of the protein and potentially rendering it non-functional.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is:
- a) A only - Frameshift Mutation
- b) B only - Nonsense Mutation
And the answer to their match question is c) Both A and B, since Description 1 matches Frameshift Mutation and Description 2 matches Nonsense Mutation.