Final answer:
The well-established Egyptian chronology begins around 6000 BCE with Pre-Dynastic Egypt, followed by the Early Dynastic Period starting circa 3150 BCE, the Old Kingdom from 2613 to 2181 BCE, and the Middle Kingdom spanning from 2055 to 1650 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
The well-established Egyptian chronology gives numerous dates marking significant periods in ancient Egyptian history. One of the key dates is the start of the Early Dynastic Period, establishing a pharaonic state, which begins around 3150 BCE.
This period, characterized by the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, King Menes/Narmer, transitions from the Pre-Dynastic Egypt era that started around 6000 BCE.
Following the Early Dynastic, significant periods include the Old Kingdom (2613-2181 BCE), known for its impressive stone pyramids, and the Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BCE), where the cult of Osiris gained predominance.
Developments in Egyptian civilization, such as the embodiment of continuity seen in royal iconography from the Narmer Palette around 3100 BCE to later dynasties, reaffirm the chronology's accuracy.
This chronological framework was chiefly established by Manetho, an Egyptian priest in 300 BCE, who categorized the history of Egypt into Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, a system that remains preferred for its clarity.