Final answer:
Capitalization in writing should be used for the first word of a sentence and proper nouns, whereas departments within a company are not capitalized unless an official title. Abbreviations should be presented in full initially, with the short form in parentheses followed by the acronym in subsequent references. Commas and parentheses are used to enclose nonessential information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the proper use of capitalization and abbreviations in writing when dealing with organizations and departments.
Capital letters should be used in specific circumstances such as the first word of a sentence, proper nouns, and proper adjectives.
When referring to a department within a company such as 'research and development department', the term should not be capitalized unless it is a part of an official title or at the beginning of a sentence.
Conversely, the name of an entire organization like the 'Department of Transportation' should be capitalized, as it is a proper noun.
When it comes to abbreviations and acronyms, write out the full name on the first reference with the abbreviation in parentheses. Thereafter, you can use the abbreviation or acronym for subsequent references.
This rule not only applies to organizations but also to units of computer storage, measurements, and other standardized terms.
Additionally, always place commas around nonessential clauses, and use parentheses to enclose nonessential information.
The complete question is: When the department is used to describe a unit within a company (research and development department), as compared to the name of an entire organization (Department of Transportation), do not use capital. Elaborate!