Question

Describe how Lincoln changed the goal of the War from preserving the Union to "a new birth of freedom" and name three of the most important effects of this change.

Answer 1

During the Civil War, Lincoln changed the goal from preserving the Union to ensuring a 'new birth of freedom.' This change led to the emancipation of enslaved African Americans, increased participation of African Americans in the war, and the subsequent efforts in Reconstruction to pursue equality.

Step-by-step explanation:

In his Gettysburg Address, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed that the United States shall have 'a new birth of freedom.' This meant that the purpose of the Civil War had shifted from solely preserving the Union to also ensuring the freedom of all Americans, particularly the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. By emphasizing the importance of freedom, Lincoln aimed to reshape the goals and values of the war and the nation.

Three of the most important effects of this change were:

1. Emancipation of enslaved African Americans: The new goal of the war led to the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the freedom of enslaved people in Confederate territory. This marked a significant step towards ending slavery and ensuring the rights of African Americans.
2. Increased participation of African Americans in the war: The shift in goals inspired many African Americans to join the Union army and navy, contributing significantly to the military effort. Approximately 200,000 black soldiers served in the Union forces, helping to secure victory for the North.
3. Reconstruction and the pursuit of equality: The new goal of freedom set the stage for the Reconstruction era, during which efforts were made to rebuild the South and establish equal rights for African Americans. Although the full realization of equality would take longer to achieve, the change in goal laid the groundwork for progress in civil rights.