Question

Which of the following is true concerning aluminum contamination in long-term parenteral nutrition (PN)?

1: The amount on the manufacturer's label is greater than measured amounts
2: Each PN bag must provide the amount of aluminum per liter
3: The clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity are specific and sensitive
4: Aluminum toxicity is the primary etiology of parenteral nutrition-associated bone disease

Answer 1

In long-term parenteral nutrition, the labeled amount of aluminum exceeds measured amounts, clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity are non-specific, and aluminum toxicity is a contributing factor to PN-associated bone disease but not the primary cause.

Step-by-step explanation:

Concerning aluminum contamination in long-term parenteral nutrition (PN), several factors are critical to consider. First, it is important to note that manufacturers are required to provide the amount of aluminum per liter on the PN bag label.

However, this labeled amount often exceeds the measured amounts of aluminum. The clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity are not specific and are often similar to those caused by other conditions, making the diagnosis of aluminum toxicity less sensitive. Lastly, aluminum toxicity has been associated as one of the contributing factors to parenteral nutrition-associated bone disease, but it is not the primary etiology for all individuals.