Final answer:
Only statements C and D correctly describe the relationship among energy, temperature, particle interactions, and states of matter. Statement C is accurate as liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape, while D correctly asserts that particles in a solid move less than those in a gas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship among energy, temperature, particle interactions, and the states of matter can be correctly described by the following statements:
- Statement C: A substance with a definite volume but no definite shape is a liquid.
- Statement D: The particles in a solid move much more slowly than the particles in a gas.
These statements are valid because the state of a substance, such as being a solid, liquid, or gas, is determined by the balance between kinetic energy and intermolecular forces. In liquids, the particles are close together but can slide over one another resulting in a definitive volume but no fixed shape, which aligns with statement C. According to the kinetic molecular theory, as the temperature of a substance increases, the kinetic energy of its particles increases as well, which contradicts statement A. Statement D correctly indicates that in a solid, the particles are more tightly bound by intermolecular forces and vibrate in place, unlike the particles in a gas that move rapidly and freely due to higher kinetic energy.
Regarding statement B, it incorrectly states that as the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure decreases. In fact, according to Gay-Lussac's law, pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when the volume is constant, meaning that an increase in temperature would lead to an increase in pressure if the volume does not change.