Final answer:
The Mongols established the largest contiguous empire with highly disciplined cavalry and tactical military conquests.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mongol Empire and Its Military Strategies
The Mongol Empire became the largest contiguous land empire in history through a combination of military prowess, led by Genghis Khan, disciplined cavalry, and strategic conquest. While they brought destruction to cities that resisted, the Mongols also offered protection and encouraged trade and cultural exchanges during the Pax Mongolica.
Their siege warfare capabilities and battlefield tactics were unparalleled, often employing surprise attacks and psychological warfare to defeat their enemies.
To cities that surrendered peacefully, the Mongols required a tax but allowed the population and their cultural practices to survive, thus facilitating a period of relative peace and economic growth in the vast territories they controlled.
Additionally, upon Genghis Khan's death, his empire was divided among his descendants into four regions which continued to expand and facilitate interactions between different ethnicities and cultures.
However, infighting among Genghis Khan's heirs, coupled with the devastating impact of the Black Death, ultimately contributed to the decline of the Mongol Empire.