Final answer:
Heredity is the biological transmission of genetic instructions from parents to offspring, as explained by Mendelian principles and the chromosomal basis of inheritance. Among the given options, the one that most accurately describes heredity is the passing of genetic instructions from mother to son.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heredity is the passing of genetic instructions from parents to their offspring. This is essential for understanding why children inherit characteristics from each of their parents. According to Mendel's principles, heredity happens through the transmission of genes on chromosomes. Each parent contributes 50% of the genetic information necessary for a child's characteristics, with sperm and egg cells each carrying half of the needed genetic information. The chromosomal basis of inheritance explains the pattern of passage of these genes from parent to offspring.
The option that most correctly describes heredity is B) Passing of genetic instruction from mother to son, which emphasizes the biological nature of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next.