Final answer:
During the Industrial Revolution, painting shifted from Romanticism to Realism due to societal changes. New technologies like paint tubes and the camera influenced the emergence of styles such as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, and artists experimented more boldly with color, light, and emotional expression.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Industrial Revolution initiated a significant shift in painting as part of the wider changes in the arts during the 19th century. As Europe moved towards industrialization, artists transitioned from romantic portrayals to Realism, aiming to depict societal hardships and the daily life of common people. Innovations brought on by the Industrial Revolution, like the portability of paint in tubes, prompted artists to paint en Plein Aire, capturing the outdoor light and scenery.
Impressionism emerged, focusing on the effects of light, color, and brisk brushstrokes that offered a fresh depiction of subjects, heavily influenced by the ability to work outdoors. This then evolved with the Post-Impressionists, who pushed the boundaries further with their use of color and line.
The 19th century saw rapid changes in artistic movements, with styles and techniques evolving every 10-20 years. New technologies, like the invention of the camera, also impacted art by offering different ways to capture and view the world. This period was marked by daring experimentation, with artists invoking emotion through abstracted elements, such as vibrant colors and wild brushstrokes.