Final answer:
Data in a two-way table can be analyzed to determine if there is an association between the variables by calculating row and column percentages and conducting a chi-square test.
Step-by-step explanation:
Data in a two-way table can be analyzed to determine if there is an association between the variables by examining the pattern of frequencies in the table. One way to do this is by calculating the row and column percentages. Row percentages show the distribution of one variable within each category of the other variable, while column percentages show the distribution of one variable across each category of the other variable. The percentages can then be compared to see if there are any noticeable differences or trends that indicate an association. Additionally, a chi-square test can be conducted to determine if the association between the variables is statistically significant. This test compares the observed frequencies in the table to the expected frequencies under the assumption of independence, and produces a p-value that indicates the likelihood of obtaining such a table if the variables were independent.