Final answer:
A unitary system centralizes power in one government, a federal system distributes power between national and subnational governments, and a confederal system grants most power to local governments, often resulting in internal power struggles and potential dissolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unitary, Federal, and Confederate Government Systems
Government systems are categorized into three major types based on how they allocate power: unitary systems, federations, and confederations. In a unitary system, there is a single centralized government that holds the majority of the power, with any sub-national governments having power that is delegated to them. This system is efficient in law-making and has a consistent policy across the state. However, it can result in tyranny if the central authority becomes too powerful and out of touch with local needs.
A federal system divides power between a central authority and subnational entities, such as states or provinces, each having powers that are constitutionally sanctioned. This provides a balance of power, allowing for regional autonomy while maintaining a unified national policy on matters such as defense and foreign policy. The U.S. is an example of a country with a federal system, although it has evolved over time to centralize more functions at the national level.
A confederal system is one where the central authority is weak and the constituent entities hold the majority of the power. This type of government tends to be highly responsive to the needs of the regions but often suffers from internal power struggles that can lead to its breakdown.