Final answer:
The balloon from the freezer experiences a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the gas particles, causing the balloon to shrink as the internal pressure decreases due to the cold. The volume contraction is a response to the lower temperature, and with no heat exchange, this is a clear demonstration of how temperature affects the state of gases in accordance with the kinetic theory of gases.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a balloon taken out of the freezer, according to kinetic theory, the average kinetic energy of the gas particles decreases, leading the balloon to become colder. As the temperature inside the balloon drops, the molecules move slower, causing a decrease in pressure. Consequently, the balloon shrinks as the gas particles exert less force on the balloon's inner walls. This is different from the situation in a hot air balloon where increased temperatures cause gas particles to move faster, striking the inside wall of the balloon harder, and resulting in increased pressure making the hot air balloon rise.
If the air pressure inside the balloon remains nearly constant with no energy transfer by heat to or from the balloon, a physical change takes place—specifically, volume contraction occurs in response to reduced temperature.
In the context of propulsion of a balloon, when a balloon is released and air escapes, the balloon is propelled in the opposite direction due to Newton's third law of motion—for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.