Final answer:
Particulate matter is a health concern primarily because it is easily inhaled, allowing tiny particles to penetrate deep into the lungs, and can cause a spectrum of respiratory illnesses, as well as cardiovascular diseases. It affects both outdoor and indoor air quality, leading to chronic health problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Particulate matter (PM) is a major health concern for several reasons. One of the fundamental issues with particulate matter is that it is easily breathed in due to the tiny size of the particles. Particles of less than 10 micrometres (PM10s) and those less than 2.5 micrometre (PM2.5s) can penetrate deeply into the lungs, causing various respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and in more severe cases, emphysema and lung cancer.
Furthermore, air pollution caused by particulate matter doesn't just affect respiratory health; it can also lead to cardiovascular problems including heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes. Fine particulate matter can produce hazy conditions in urban areas, harming visibility and contributing to chronic health issues. These health concerns underscore the importance of monitoring and controlling emissions of particulate matter from various sources, including small firms that emit small particles into the air.