Final answer:
In chemistry, the properties of matter are divided into physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing matter's identity, while chemical properties involve a substance's reactivity and result in new substances. Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter, whereas intensive properties do not.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the study of chemistry, the properties of matter are categorized as either physical properties or chemical properties. A physical property is an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity. Examples of physical properties include color, phase (solid, liquid, gas), melting point, boiling point, density, and volume. In contrast, a chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity is changed. This includes properties such as reactivity with other chemicals, flammability, and acid-base behavior.
Regarding the provided statements, four of them relate to chemical properties while thirteen relate to physical properties. For example, the ability of gold to be stretched into very thin wires is a physical property, specifically ductility, whereas the interaction of hydrogen with oxygen to form water is a reflection of a chemical property.
To further clarify:
- Physical Change: A substance changes its physical form or properties without a change in its chemical composition, such as ice melting.
- Chemical Change: A substance transforms into a different substance with a different chemical composition, such as coal burning.
Extensive properties depend on the amount of the material, like mass and volume, while intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance, such as density or melting point. This fundamental understanding of the properties and changes of matter is pivotal in the field of chemistry.