Final answer:
Common airway devices include nasal cannula, simple face mask, non-rebreather mask, and Venturi mask, with varying oxygen concentration and flow rates. In carbon monoxide poisoning, 100% oxygen is administered to displace carbon monoxide from hemoglobin. Gas exchange involves oxygen and carbon dioxide moving along concentration gradients in opposite directions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most commonly used airway devices in patients vary based on the required oxygen concentration and the patient's respiratory condition. Here is a brief overview:
- Nasal cannula: Delivers 24-40% oxygen at 1-6 L/min.
- Simple face mask: Delivers 40-60% oxygen at 5-10 L/min.
- Non-rebreather mask: Delivers up to 90-100% oxygen at 10-15 L/min.
- Venturi mask: Provides precise oxygen concentration, typically between 24% and 50% at varying flow rates.
These devices help ensure the administration of the appropriate oxygen concentration to support patients' respiration and are selected based on specific clinical scenarios and patients' oxygenation needs.
In cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, the administration of 100 percent oxygen is crucial because it increases the displacement of carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, allowing oxygen to bind again, restoring its transport capacity. Administering carbon dioxide would not be effective as it does not have the same ability to displace carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, and it is not a transportable form of oxygen needed by body tissues.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow during gas exchange occurs based on the concentration gradients. Oxygen flows from areas of higher concentration in the lungs to lower concentration in the blood, and carbon dioxide follows the opposite path, from the blood where its concentration is higher to the lungs where it is expelled.