Final answer:
The enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde is a dehydrogenase, while the enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate is a kinase.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enzymes that catalyze the reactions Ethanol + NAD+ -> Acetaldehyde + NADH and Glycerol + ATP -> Glycerol-3-phosphate + ADP are classified as dehydrogenases and kinases, respectively. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, typically involving the transfer of electrons to or from NAD+/NADH or another electron carrier. For example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, reducing NAD+ to NADH in the process.
On the other hand, a kinase is an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is commonly seen in the phosphorylation of molecules during cellular metabolism, like the phosphorylation of glycerol to form glycerol-3-phosphate using ATP, catalyzed by glycerol kinase