Final answer:
Quebec City is the oldest permanent European colony in Canada, established by the French in 1608. Spain was the first to establish a colony in the Americas, and the British used New York as their base during most of the American Revolutionary War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The oldest permanent European colony in Canada is Quebec City. Quebec City was founded by the French in 1608 under the leadership of Samuel de Champlain. It is considered one of the first European settlements in North America and the first to have survived the harsh conditions of the New World as a permanent settlement.
The earliest European colonies in the Americas were established by Spain, which founded St. Augustine in Florida in 1565. The British also made significant inroads with colonies such as Jamestown, founded in 1607. The influence of these European powers can be seen in the various place names, cultural imprints, and languages spoken in North America today.
During most of the American Revolutionary War, the British used New York as their operational base. This period was critical in establishing British dominance, despite the French having strong footholds in the St. Lawrence River Valley and other areas in Canada.