Final answer:
The Church Transformation Initiative aims to assist churches in spiritual renewal and reaching their full potential, often by engaging in community service and addressing social issues, within the context of historic movements such as the social gospel and the Counter-Reformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The goal of the Church Transformation Initiative is c) help churches with spiritual renewal and to reach their full potential. This initiative is part of a broader movement within religious institutions that seek to apply Christian ethics to society and undertake various reforms aimed at spiritual renewal and addressing social issues. The historical context behind such movements includes efforts such as the social gospel movement, settlement movement, the Counter-Reformation, and the waves of renewals during the Second Great Awakening, which emphasized personal religious experiences, moral reforms, and societal transformation.
Churches have historically taken an active role in community services, including caring for the needy, sponsoring youth activities, and participating in civil rights efforts. Organizations like Catholic Charities and Habitat for Humanity are examples of such community engagement, which is aligned with the overarching aim of Church Transformation Initiatives to enable churches to not only renew spiritually but also to make a tangible impact on their surrounding communities.