Final answer:
The dative case indicates the indirect object, often preceded by 'to' or 'for' in translation. The sentence structure for a transitive verb includes a direct object and possibly an indirect object. Pronouns have subjective, objective, and possessive cases, depending on their function in the sentence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dative case indicates the indirect object, and is often preceded by to or for in translation. Transitive verbs are verbs that have a direct object which receives the action of the verb. Indirect objects are the recipients of the direct object. A sentence pattern involving a transitive verb could be, for example, '(subject)+(transitive verb)+(direct object [NP])+(indirect object [NP])'. Pronoun case refers to the grammatical function of pronouns in a sentence, and pronouns have three cases: subjective, objective, and possessive.
When identifying the elements of a sentence, one must look for the subject, the transitive verb, the direct object, and if present, the indirect object or object complement. Subjective case pronouns like I, we, he, she, and they function as subjects, while objective case pronouns such as me, us, him, and them function as objects, including indirect objects. Possessive case pronouns, including my/mine, our/ours, and their/theirs, show ownership.