Final answer:
In the NRP algorithm, pulmonary surfactant is given to a newborn, primarily in cases of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), to help with breathing and lung function, along with other supportive therapies as needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The drug that would be given to a newborn in the NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) algorithm is pulmonary surfactant. This medication is administered to infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) to reduce surface tension in the lungs, enhance gas exchange, and support the infant until proper lung development occurs. In instances where a newborn exhibits difficulty breathing or does not breathe spontaneously at birth, resuscitation and possible intubation may be necessary. Thereafter, the infant might be placed on a ventilator or given nasal CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) if they can breathe spontaneously but need assistance. Other supportive therapies such as temperature regulation, nutritional support, and antibiotics may also be provided. Pulmonary surfactant therapy has significantly decreased mortality from RDS by 50 percent.