Final answer:
The candle problem is an illustration of structurally blind thinking, which is the inability to think outside of traditional thought patterns and use objects differently from their conventional purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The problem which illustrates structurally blind thinking is the candle problem. Structurally blind thinking refers to an individual's inability to see outside of the traditional patterns of thought or to use objects in a way that is different from their typical function. The candle problem is a classic example of a task that requires creative problem-solving, where individuals must overcome functional fixedness (a cognitive bias that makes a person see an object only in the way it is traditionally used) to attach a candle to a wall in such a way that the candle wax won't drip onto the table below. The solution involves using the box that holds the tacks as a candle holder, rather than only thinking of it as a container.
In contrast, a heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for calculations. They're not typically associated with overcoming structural blindness but rather with providing a clear method for solving a problem.