Final answer:
Inductive reasoning is sometimes called bottom-up reasoning because it starts with specific observations and uses them to arrive at a general conclusion. Biologists use inductive reasoning to make generalizations based on careful observation and analysis of data.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inductive reasoning is sometimes called bottom-up reasoning because it starts with specific observations or data and uses them to arrive at a general conclusion. This type of reasoning is common in descriptive science, such as biology, where scientists make observations and infer conclusions based on evidence. For example, a biologist observing many brains while people are doing a task can infer which part of the brain is controlling the response to that task. In contrast, deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and uses it to reach logical conclusions about the real world.