Final answer:
The Second Macedonian War (200-196 BCE) between the Roman Republic and Macedon ended with Rome's decisive victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae. This defeat forced Macedon to become a Roman ally and resulted in the loss of Macedonian control over Greek cities.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Happened in the Second Macedonian War?
The Second Macedonian War occurred from 200 to 196 BCE and was a pivotal conflict between the Roman Republic and the Kingdom of Macedon, ruled at the time by King Philip V. Initially, Philip V aligned Macedon with Carthage in resistance to Rome’s rising power but later shifted to engage directly with the Roman forces after Carthage's defeat. Although the Macedonian army experienced initial success, the key turning point came at the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 196 BCE. Here, the Romans won a decisive victory over Philip V's forces, leading to Macedon not only losing control over Greek cities but also having to accept a subordinate alliance with Rome.
The aftermath of this war set the stage for the Third Macedonian War which saw the eventual downfall of Macedon as an independent kingdom as it was eventually divided into four client republics by Rome. Furthermore, this war solidified Rome's influence over Greece and heralded the end of Greek autonomy, culminating in the brutal sack of Corinth and the Roman hegemony over the Mediterranean world.