The mechanism of converting an alcohol to an alkyl halide is shown in the image attached.
Converting an alcohol to an alkyl halide
An alkyl halide is created when an alcohol undergoes an acid-catalyzed substitution reaction. Initially, an acid and alcohol react, resulting in the protonation of an oxonium ion. A water molecule is then moved as a result of a halide ion acting as a nucleophile and attacking the positively charged carbon in the oxonium ion.
The alkyl halide is formed as a result of this. For example, ethanol can be changed with hydrochloric acid to ethyl chloride. This method is frequently used for such conversions; the choices of acid and halide ions depend on the particular alkyl halide that is desired.