Final answer:
Epigenetics is the science of studying heritable changes in the genome that do not affect DNA gene sequences. It considers how the environment can influence gene expression and phenotype. Environmental factors like ultraviolet light exposure can modify gene expression through changes in epigenetic modifications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epigenetics is the science that studies heritable changes in the genome that do not affect the underlying DNA gene sequences. It focuses on how the environment can influence gene expression and phenotype. This means that even if two individuals have the same genes, environmental factors can cause them to have different appearances or traits.
For example, exposure to ultraviolet light can modify gene expression by causing changes in epigenetic modifications. These modifications alter the accessibility and transcription of DNA, leading to changes in gene expression. Other environmental factors like nutrition, toxins, and lifestyle choices can also impact epigenetic configurations of chromatin and gene expression.
Epigenetic changes can have long-lasting effects across generations. Certain behaviors and exposures in parents can influence the epigenetic legacy that is passed on to their children and even grandchildren. Studies have shown that behaviors such as smoking and eating habits can affect the health and traits of future generations.