Final answer:
The painting 'Mont Sainte-Victoire' by Paul Cézanne chiefly features the mountain Mont Sainte-Victoire as its subject. The painting also includes elements such as trees and buildings, which contribute to the overall composition and depth of the piece.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of Paul Cézanne's painting Mont Sainte-Victoire is primarily the mountain itself, as the title suggests. Painted multiple times by Cézanne near his home, this mountain had a significant visual impact on the artist and his work. The composition features a variety of elements, including green trees, a sky that may vary in color from one iteration to another, and sometimes buildings such as the viaduct, but the focal point and primary subject remains Mont Sainte-Victoire.
Cézanne's approach in portraying this landscape involved creating a sense of depth and dimensionality through layers and the strategic use of color and brushstrokes, which were influential to the development of Cubism. These characteristics are integral to understanding why the painting is appreciated not only for its subject matter but for its stylistic innovation as well.